EFECTO ANTIMICROBIANO DEL QUITOSANO: UNA REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA
Palabras clave:
conservantes, biopolímeros, actividad antimicrobiana, nanopartículas, industria de alimentosResumen
A través del tiempo, diferentes estudios han evaluado el efecto antimicrobiano de diversos materiales de origen biológico; entre estos, el quitosano ha tomado gran importancia al ser un polímero natural, biodegradable, no tóxico en concentraciones moderadas y que posee actividad antimicrobiana. El efecto antimicrobiano del quitosano se atribuye a la capacidad quelante y a la presencia de un grupo amino con carga positiva que puede interactuar con los compuestos de carga opuesta y que están presentes en la superficie de los microorganismos. Sin embargo, en la literatura se reportan resultados contradictorios respecto a la actividad antimicrobiana del quitosano, indicando la existencia de factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos los cuales podrían modificar dicha actividad antimicrobiana. Este trabajo presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre las propiedades antimicrobianas del quitosano así como los mecanismos de acción de este biopolímero sobre los hongos y bacterias. Finalmente se reportan algunas perspectivas sobre el uso del quitosano acoplado con nanopartículas metálicas y cómo estos sistemas podrían tener un mayor efecto inhibitorio contra los microorganismos.
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